2013 Vol. 37, No. 5
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2013, 37(5): 053101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/053101
Abstract:
The on-shell renormalization scheme for electroweak theory is well studied in the standard model (SM), but a consistent on-shell renormalization scheme for the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is still unknown. In the MSSM, we study the on-shell scheme for three vertexes: ZlIlI, W+vIlI and
, with virtual SUSY particles (chargino, sneutrino, neutralino and slepton) at one-loop order. Instead of the amplitude of a single triangle diagram, the sum of the amplitude of triangle diagrams belonging to one suit can be renormalized in the on-shell scheme. One suit points out that the internal virtual particles are consistent. The zero-momentum scheme is also used for the renormalization. The two schemes can make the renormalized results decoupled, and in the MSSM some of the special characters of the on-shell scheme are shown. This work is propitious in completing the on-shell renormalization scheme in the MSSM.
The on-shell renormalization scheme for electroweak theory is well studied in the standard model (SM), but a consistent on-shell renormalization scheme for the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is still unknown. In the MSSM, we study the on-shell scheme for three vertexes: ZlIlI, W+vIlI and
, with virtual SUSY particles (chargino, sneutrino, neutralino and slepton) at one-loop order. Instead of the amplitude of a single triangle diagram, the sum of the amplitude of triangle diagrams belonging to one suit can be renormalized in the on-shell scheme. One suit points out that the internal virtual particles are consistent. The zero-momentum scheme is also used for the renormalization. The two schemes can make the renormalized results decoupled, and in the MSSM some of the special characters of the on-shell scheme are shown. This work is propitious in completing the on-shell renormalization scheme in the MSSM.
2013, 37(5): 053102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/053102
Abstract:
The masses of some orbitally and radially excited heavy-light mesons are calculated in Regge phenomenology. The results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data and those given in many other theoretical approaches. Based on the calculation, we suggest that the recently observed D(2550), D(2600) and D(2760) can be assigned as the charmed members of the 21S0, 23S1 and 13D1 multiplets, respectively. Ds1*(2700)± may be assigned as the charm-strange member of the 23S1 state. The results may be helpful in understanding the nature of current and future experimentally observed heavy-light mesons.
The masses of some orbitally and radially excited heavy-light mesons are calculated in Regge phenomenology. The results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data and those given in many other theoretical approaches. Based on the calculation, we suggest that the recently observed D(2550), D(2600) and D(2760) can be assigned as the charmed members of the 21S0, 23S1 and 13D1 multiplets, respectively. Ds1*(2700)± may be assigned as the charm-strange member of the 23S1 state. The results may be helpful in understanding the nature of current and future experimentally observed heavy-light mesons.
2013, 37(5): 053103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/053103
Abstract:
We investigate the relativistic equation for particles with spin 1/2 in the q-parameter modified Pöschl-Teller potential, including Coulomb-like tensor interaction with spatially-dependent mass for the D-dimension. We present approximate solutions of the Dirac equation with these potentials for any spin-orbit quantum number κ under spin symmetry. The normalized wave functions are expressed in terms of the hyper-geometric series of the scattering states on the k/2π scale. We also give the formula for the phase shifts, and use the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigen-values equation.
We investigate the relativistic equation for particles with spin 1/2 in the q-parameter modified Pöschl-Teller potential, including Coulomb-like tensor interaction with spatially-dependent mass for the D-dimension. We present approximate solutions of the Dirac equation with these potentials for any spin-orbit quantum number κ under spin symmetry. The normalized wave functions are expressed in terms of the hyper-geometric series of the scattering states on the k/2π scale. We also give the formula for the phase shifts, and use the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigen-values equation.
2013, 37(5): 054101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/054101
Abstract:
The energy levels and ΛΛ bond energy of the double-Λ hypernucleus 11Be are calculated considering two- and three-nucleon forces. The interactions between the constituent particles are contact interactions that reproduce the low-energy binding energy of the nuclei. Effective action is constructed to involve the three-body forces. In this paper, we compare the binding energy result that is obtained with the experimental and other modern nucleon-nucleon potentials. The results of all the schemes agree very well, showing the high accuracy of our present ability to calculate the many-nucleon bound state with three-body forces. The experimental value of BΛ Λ(ΛΛ11Be)=20.83 MeV seems to be more compatible with our calculated value of BΛΛ(ΛΛ11Be)=19.31 MeV in comparison with the calculated result of 18.23 MeV by Hiyama et al.
The energy levels and ΛΛ bond energy of the double-Λ hypernucleus 11Be are calculated considering two- and three-nucleon forces. The interactions between the constituent particles are contact interactions that reproduce the low-energy binding energy of the nuclei. Effective action is constructed to involve the three-body forces. In this paper, we compare the binding energy result that is obtained with the experimental and other modern nucleon-nucleon potentials. The results of all the schemes agree very well, showing the high accuracy of our present ability to calculate the many-nucleon bound state with three-body forces. The experimental value of BΛ Λ(ΛΛ11Be)=20.83 MeV seems to be more compatible with our calculated value of BΛΛ(ΛΛ11Be)=19.31 MeV in comparison with the calculated result of 18.23 MeV by Hiyama et al.
2013, 37(5): 054102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/054102
Abstract:
Motivated by recent search results for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we revisit the Higgs phenomenology in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). We present the signal strength modifier μ, respectively, for the main search channels qq' → jjh→ jjγγ, qq'→ Vh→ Vγγ, qq'→ Vh → Vbb, gg→ h → γγ, and gg → h → VV in the LHT model. It is found that an enhancement factor of 1.09-1.56 in the qq' → jjh→ jjγγ channel can be obtained for this model in Case B with parameter f in the range 500-1000~GeV. However, the rates for bb, ττ are significantly suppressed relative to the SM predictions, which are still consistent with the current sensitivity. It is hoped that this will be further tested with larger integrated luminosity at the LHC.
Motivated by recent search results for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we revisit the Higgs phenomenology in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). We present the signal strength modifier μ, respectively, for the main search channels qq' → jjh→ jjγγ, qq'→ Vh→ Vγγ, qq'→ Vh → Vbb, gg→ h → γγ, and gg → h → VV in the LHT model. It is found that an enhancement factor of 1.09-1.56 in the qq' → jjh→ jjγγ channel can be obtained for this model in Case B with parameter f in the range 500-1000~GeV. However, the rates for bb, ττ are significantly suppressed relative to the SM predictions, which are still consistent with the current sensitivity. It is hoped that this will be further tested with larger integrated luminosity at the LHC.
2013, 37(5): 055101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/055101
Abstract:
The influences of nucleon coupling constants on the neutrino scatting and cooling properties of neutron stars are investigated. The results in the GM1, GPS250 and NL-SH parameter sets show that the magnitude of the neutrino emissivity and density ranges where the dUrca process of nucleons is allowed differ obviously between the three parameter sets in nucleon-only and hyperonic matter. Furthermore, the neutron stars in the GPS250 set cool very quickly, whereas those in the NL-SH set cool slowly. The cooling rate of the former can be almost three times more that of the latter. It can be concluded that the stiffer the equation of state, the slower the corresponding neutron stars cool. The hyperon Λ makes neutrino emissivity due to the direct Urca process of nucleons lower compared with nucleon-only matter, and postpones the dUrca process with muons. However, these Λ effects are relatively weaker in the GPS250 set than in the GM1 set.
The influences of nucleon coupling constants on the neutrino scatting and cooling properties of neutron stars are investigated. The results in the GM1, GPS250 and NL-SH parameter sets show that the magnitude of the neutrino emissivity and density ranges where the dUrca process of nucleons is allowed differ obviously between the three parameter sets in nucleon-only and hyperonic matter. Furthermore, the neutron stars in the GPS250 set cool very quickly, whereas those in the NL-SH set cool slowly. The cooling rate of the former can be almost three times more that of the latter. It can be concluded that the stiffer the equation of state, the slower the corresponding neutron stars cool. The hyperon Λ makes neutrino emissivity due to the direct Urca process of nucleons lower compared with nucleon-only matter, and postpones the dUrca process with muons. However, these Λ effects are relatively weaker in the GPS250 set than in the GM1 set.
2013, 37(5): 056001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/056001
Abstract:
The wedge strip anode (WSA) has been widely used in 2-D position-sensitive detectors. A circular WSA with an effective diameter of 52 mm is successfully coupled to a tripe gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector through a simple resistive layer. A spatial resolution of 440 μm (FWHM) is achieved for a 10 kVp X-ray using 1 atm Ar: CO2=70:30 gas. The simple electronics of only three channels makes it very useful in applications strongly requiring simple interface design, e.g. sealed tubes and high pressure detectors.
The wedge strip anode (WSA) has been widely used in 2-D position-sensitive detectors. A circular WSA with an effective diameter of 52 mm is successfully coupled to a tripe gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector through a simple resistive layer. A spatial resolution of 440 μm (FWHM) is achieved for a 10 kVp X-ray using 1 atm Ar: CO2=70:30 gas. The simple electronics of only three channels makes it very useful in applications strongly requiring simple interface design, e.g. sealed tubes and high pressure detectors.
2013, 37(5): 056002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/056002
Abstract:
A time-of-flight system with a plastic scintillator coupled to photomultipliers is developed for the external target facility (ETF). This system can satisfy the requirement of an ultrahigh vacuum (～10-9 mbar), a high counting rate (～106 particles per second) and a magnetic field environment. In the beam test experiment, a total time resolution of 580 ps FWHM was obtained for the whole system, and nuclei with a mass of up to 80 could be identified using this system.
A time-of-flight system with a plastic scintillator coupled to photomultipliers is developed for the external target facility (ETF). This system can satisfy the requirement of an ultrahigh vacuum (～10-9 mbar), a high counting rate (～106 particles per second) and a magnetic field environment. In the beam test experiment, a total time resolution of 580 ps FWHM was obtained for the whole system, and nuclei with a mass of up to 80 could be identified using this system.
2013, 37(5): 056201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/056201
Abstract:
The testing techniques and experimental methods of the 60Co gamma irradiation effect on AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are established. The degradation of the electrical properties of the device under the actual radiation environment are analyzed theoretically, and studies of the total dose effects of gamma radiation on AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at three different radiation bias conditions are carried out. The degradation patterns of the main parameters of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at different doses are then investigated, and the device parameters that were sensitive to the gamma radiation induced damage and the total dose level induced device damage are obtained.
The testing techniques and experimental methods of the 60Co gamma irradiation effect on AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are established. The degradation of the electrical properties of the device under the actual radiation environment are analyzed theoretically, and studies of the total dose effects of gamma radiation on AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at three different radiation bias conditions are carried out. The degradation patterns of the main parameters of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at different doses are then investigated, and the device parameters that were sensitive to the gamma radiation induced damage and the total dose level induced device damage are obtained.
2013, 37(5): 056202. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/056202
Abstract:
A fusion-fission hybrid conceptual reactor is established. It consists of a DT neutron source and a spherical shell of depleted uranium and hydrogen lithium. The tritium production rate (TPR) distribution in the conceptual reactor was measured by DT neutrons using two sets of lithium glass detectors with different thicknesses in the hole in the vertical direction with respect to the D+ beam of the Cockcroft-Walton neutron generator in direct current mode. The measured TPR distribution is compared with the calculated results obtained by the three-dimensional Monte Carlo code MCNP5 and the ENDF/B-Ⅵ data file. The discrepancy between the measured and calculated values can be attributed to the neutron data library of the hydrogen lithium lack S(α,β) thermal scattering model, so we show that a special database of low-energy and thermal neutrons should be established in the physics design of fusion-fission hybrid reactors.
A fusion-fission hybrid conceptual reactor is established. It consists of a DT neutron source and a spherical shell of depleted uranium and hydrogen lithium. The tritium production rate (TPR) distribution in the conceptual reactor was measured by DT neutrons using two sets of lithium glass detectors with different thicknesses in the hole in the vertical direction with respect to the D+ beam of the Cockcroft-Walton neutron generator in direct current mode. The measured TPR distribution is compared with the calculated results obtained by the three-dimensional Monte Carlo code MCNP5 and the ENDF/B-Ⅵ data file. The discrepancy between the measured and calculated values can be attributed to the neutron data library of the hydrogen lithium lack S(α,β) thermal scattering model, so we show that a special database of low-energy and thermal neutrons should be established in the physics design of fusion-fission hybrid reactors.
2013, 37(5): 057001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/057001
Abstract:
The feasibility of attaining nanosecond pulse length heavy ion beam is studied in the main ring (CSRm) of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. Such heavy ion beam can be produced by non-adiabatic compression, and it is implemented by a fast rotation in the longitudinal phase space. In this paper, the possible beam parameters during longitudinal bunch compression are studied with the envelope model and Particle in Cell simulation, and the results are compared. The result shows that the short bunch 238U28+ with the pulse duration of about 50 ns at the energy of 200 MeV/u can be obtained which can satisfy the research of high density plasma physics experiment.
The feasibility of attaining nanosecond pulse length heavy ion beam is studied in the main ring (CSRm) of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. Such heavy ion beam can be produced by non-adiabatic compression, and it is implemented by a fast rotation in the longitudinal phase space. In this paper, the possible beam parameters during longitudinal bunch compression are studied with the envelope model and Particle in Cell simulation, and the results are compared. The result shows that the short bunch 238U28+ with the pulse duration of about 50 ns at the energy of 200 MeV/u can be obtained which can satisfy the research of high density plasma physics experiment.
2013, 37(5): 057002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/057002
Abstract:
The extraction of negative ions inevitably leads to the destruction of the original plasma state. To understand the effect of extraction on a plasma sheath under a weak magnetic filter field, the time-dependent behavior of H- ion extraction from a negative ion source has been studied by particle-in-cell simulation in the collisionless limit. The simulation results have shown that the plasma sheath would undergo a transient process, in which there exists an edge electrostatic wave that propagates counterclockwise along the wall with a velocity of 4 mm/ns until it reaches the other side of extraction aperture. The thickness of the plasma sheath and the plasma potential both increase greatly at the final quasi-steady-state. For comparison, the results of extracting positive ions are also given.
The extraction of negative ions inevitably leads to the destruction of the original plasma state. To understand the effect of extraction on a plasma sheath under a weak magnetic filter field, the time-dependent behavior of H- ion extraction from a negative ion source has been studied by particle-in-cell simulation in the collisionless limit. The simulation results have shown that the plasma sheath would undergo a transient process, in which there exists an edge electrostatic wave that propagates counterclockwise along the wall with a velocity of 4 mm/ns until it reaches the other side of extraction aperture. The thickness of the plasma sheath and the plasma potential both increase greatly at the final quasi-steady-state. For comparison, the results of extracting positive ions are also given.
2013, 37(5): 057003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/057003
Abstract:
A storage ring-based light source, Beijing Advanced Photon Source (BAPS), is proposed to store a 5 GeV low-emittance electron beam and to provide high-brilliance coherent radiation. In this paper, we report our efforts of pushing down the emittance of BAPS to approach the so-called ultimate storage ring, while fixing the circumference to about 1200 m. To help deal with the challenge of beam dynamics associated with the intrinsic, very strong nonlinearities in an ultralow-emittance ring, a combination of several progressive technologies is used in the linear optics design and nonlinear optimization, such as a modified theoretical minimum emittance cell with small-aperture magnets, quasi-3rd-order achromat, theoretical analyzer based on Lie Algebra and Hamiltonian analysis, multi-objective genetic algorithm and frequency map analysis. These technologies enable us to obtain satisfactory beam dynamics in one lattice design with natural emittance of 75 pm.
A storage ring-based light source, Beijing Advanced Photon Source (BAPS), is proposed to store a 5 GeV low-emittance electron beam and to provide high-brilliance coherent radiation. In this paper, we report our efforts of pushing down the emittance of BAPS to approach the so-called ultimate storage ring, while fixing the circumference to about 1200 m. To help deal with the challenge of beam dynamics associated with the intrinsic, very strong nonlinearities in an ultralow-emittance ring, a combination of several progressive technologies is used in the linear optics design and nonlinear optimization, such as a modified theoretical minimum emittance cell with small-aperture magnets, quasi-3rd-order achromat, theoretical analyzer based on Lie Algebra and Hamiltonian analysis, multi-objective genetic algorithm and frequency map analysis. These technologies enable us to obtain satisfactory beam dynamics in one lattice design with natural emittance of 75 pm.
2013, 37(5): 057004. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/057004
Abstract:
The rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity proton ring with beam power of 100 kW. In order to control the residual activation to meet the requirements of hands-on maintenance, a two-stage collimation system has been designed for the RCS. The collimation system consists of one primary collimator made of thin metal to scatter the beam and four secondary collimators as absorbers. Thermal analysis is an important aspect in evaluating the reliability of the collimation system. The calculation of the temperature distribution and thermal stress of the primary collimator with different materials is carried out by using ANSYS code. In order to control the temperature rise and thermal stress of the primary collimator to a reasonable level, an air cooling structure is intended to be used. The mechanical design of the cooling structure is presented, and the cooling efficiency with different chin numbers and wind velocity is also analyzed. Finally, the fatigue lifetime of the collimator under thermal shocks is estimated.
The rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity proton ring with beam power of 100 kW. In order to control the residual activation to meet the requirements of hands-on maintenance, a two-stage collimation system has been designed for the RCS. The collimation system consists of one primary collimator made of thin metal to scatter the beam and four secondary collimators as absorbers. Thermal analysis is an important aspect in evaluating the reliability of the collimation system. The calculation of the temperature distribution and thermal stress of the primary collimator with different materials is carried out by using ANSYS code. In order to control the temperature rise and thermal stress of the primary collimator to a reasonable level, an air cooling structure is intended to be used. The mechanical design of the cooling structure is presented, and the cooling efficiency with different chin numbers and wind velocity is also analyzed. Finally, the fatigue lifetime of the collimator under thermal shocks is estimated.
2013, 37(5): 057005. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/057005
Abstract:
The beam halo is a major issue for interaction region (IR) backgrounds at many colliders, for example, future linear colliders, B factories, and also it is an important problem at ATF2. In this paper, we report on the halo propagation along the ATF2 beam line with realistic apertures, the nonlinear optics influence on the increasing number of halo particles input is analyzed, and the transmitted halo particles distribution just before the last BPM is then described, the results from which will benefit the Compton recoil electrons measurement.
The beam halo is a major issue for interaction region (IR) backgrounds at many colliders, for example, future linear colliders, B factories, and also it is an important problem at ATF2. In this paper, we report on the halo propagation along the ATF2 beam line with realistic apertures, the nonlinear optics influence on the increasing number of halo particles input is analyzed, and the transmitted halo particles distribution just before the last BPM is then described, the results from which will benefit the Compton recoil electrons measurement.
2013, 37(5): 058001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/058001
Abstract:
To improve the performance of Beamline 3W1B at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the soft X-ray magnetic linear dichroism research at transition metals L2, 3 edges, a new monochromator was designed and built to replace the original one. After the assemblage, alignment and adjustment of the monochromator system, the first commissioning results were obtained. The photon energy range is from 50 to 1000 eV with spectral resolutions of 1600 at 250 eV and 1000 at 870 eV. The photon flux is of the order of 108-109 photons/s/200 mA/0.1%BW. In the electron's orbital plane the linear polarization degree of the light is higher than 99% at 704 eV. The beamline has satisfied the basic experimental requirements.
To improve the performance of Beamline 3W1B at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the soft X-ray magnetic linear dichroism research at transition metals L2, 3 edges, a new monochromator was designed and built to replace the original one. After the assemblage, alignment and adjustment of the monochromator system, the first commissioning results were obtained. The photon energy range is from 50 to 1000 eV with spectral resolutions of 1600 at 250 eV and 1000 at 870 eV. The photon flux is of the order of 108-109 photons/s/200 mA/0.1%BW. In the electron's orbital plane the linear polarization degree of the light is higher than 99% at 704 eV. The beamline has satisfied the basic experimental requirements.
2013, 37(5): 058201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/5/058201
Abstract:
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement of 59Ni has been established at CIAE with the HI-13 tandem accelerator and the recently developed ΔE-Q3D detection system. 59Ni standard and commercial NiO samples were measured to check the performance of the ΔE-Q3D detection system on 59Ni isobar separation and suppression. An overall suppression factor of about 107 for the interfering isobar 59Co resulting in detection sensitivity as low as 3.8×10-13 atomic ratio (59Ni/Ni) has been obtained. Based on these techniques, the AMS measurement method of 59Ni with high sensitivity is developed.
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement of 59Ni has been established at CIAE with the HI-13 tandem accelerator and the recently developed ΔE-Q3D detection system. 59Ni standard and commercial NiO samples were measured to check the performance of the ΔE-Q3D detection system on 59Ni isobar separation and suppression. An overall suppression factor of about 107 for the interfering isobar 59Co resulting in detection sensitivity as low as 3.8×10-13 atomic ratio (59Ni/Ni) has been obtained. Based on these techniques, the AMS measurement method of 59Ni with high sensitivity is developed.
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