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Chinese Physics C> 2009, Vol. 33> Issue(10) : 905-913 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/10/016

Matching by solenoids in space charge dominated LEBTs

  • The betatron matching of a rotationally asymmetric beam in space charge
    dominated low-energy beam transports (LEBTs) where solenoids are used for
    the transverse matching has been studied. For better understanding, the
    coupling elements of a beam matrix are interpreted in special forms that are
    products of a term defined by the Larmor rotation angle and another by the
    difference between the beam matrix elements in the two transverse planes.
    The coupling form originally derived from the rotationally symmetric field
    in solenoids still holds when taking into account the rotationally asymmetric space charge forces that are due to the unequal emittance in the two transverse planes. It is shown in this paper that when an LEBT mainly
    comprising solenoids transports a beam having unequal emittance in the two
    transverse planes and the linear space charge force is taken into account,
    the initial Twiss parameters can be modified to obtain the minimum and equal
    emittance at the LEBT exit. The TRACE3D calculations also prove the principle. However, when quadrupoles that are also rotationally asymmetric are involved in between solenoids, the coupling between the two transverse planes becomes more complicated and the emittance increase is usually unavoidable. A matching example using the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) LEBT conditions is also presented.

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  • References

    [1] . Thomason J W G, Faircloth D C, Sidlow R et al. EPAC,2004, 14582. Planner C W. Particle Accelerators, 1995, 48: 2433. CHEN C, Davidson R C. Phys. Rev. E, 1994, 49: 26574. Davidson R C, QIN H. Physics of Intense Charged ParticleBeams in High Energy Accelerators. London: WordScienti c Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2001. 242-2525. Lund S M, Bukh B. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 2004, 7:0248016. LI Jin-Hai, TANG Jing-Yu. Nuclear Instruments and Methodsin Physics Research Section A, 2007, 574: 221-2257. LU Jian-Qin, LI Jin-Hai, LI Chao-Long. Chinese Physics,2004, 13(5): 6578. Crandall K R, Rusthoi D P. TRACE3-D Documentation,LA-UR-97-886. May, 19979. Lapostolle P M. CERN Report AR/Int. SG/65-15. Geneva,Switzerland, July 196510. Ferdinand R, Sherman J, Stevens R R et al. Proc. of PAC,1997, 2723-272511. Ueno A, Ikegami K, Okada M et al. Proc. of LINAC. 2002,35612. LI Jin-Hai, OUYANG Hua-Fu, FU Shi-Nian et al. ChinesePhysics C (HEP NP), 2008, 32(3): 227-231

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LI Jin-Hai, TANG Jing-Yu and OUYANG Hua-Fu. Matching by solenoids in space charge dominated LEBTs[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2009, 33(10): 905-913. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/10/016
LI Jin-Hai, TANG Jing-Yu and OUYANG Hua-Fu. Matching by solenoids in space charge dominated LEBTs[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2009, 33(10): 905-913.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/10/016 shu
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Received: 2009-01-19
Revised: 2009-03-23
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Matching by solenoids in space charge dominated LEBTs

    Corresponding author: LI Jin-Hai,
  • Received Date: 2009-01-19
  • Accepted Date: 2009-03-23
  • Available Online: 2009-10-05

Abstract: 

The betatron matching of a rotationally asymmetric beam in space charge
dominated low-energy beam transports (LEBTs) where solenoids are used for
the transverse matching has been studied. For better understanding, the
coupling elements of a beam matrix are interpreted in special forms that are
products of a term defined by the Larmor rotation angle and another by the
difference between the beam matrix elements in the two transverse planes.
The coupling form originally derived from the rotationally symmetric field
in solenoids still holds when taking into account the rotationally asymmetric space charge forces that are due to the unequal emittance in the two transverse planes. It is shown in this paper that when an LEBT mainly
comprising solenoids transports a beam having unequal emittance in the two
transverse planes and the linear space charge force is taken into account,
the initial Twiss parameters can be modified to obtain the minimum and equal
emittance at the LEBT exit. The TRACE3D calculations also prove the principle. However, when quadrupoles that are also rotationally asymmetric are involved in between solenoids, the coupling between the two transverse planes becomes more complicated and the emittance increase is usually unavoidable. A matching example using the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) LEBT conditions is also presented.

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