Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

WANG Fan; CHEN Xiang-Song; LU Xiao-Fu; SUN Wei-Min

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/031

Chinese Physics C> 2010, Vol. 34> Issue(9) : 1312-1319 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/031

Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation, but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin. The
conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics, and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.

References

[1]

. Strocchi F, Wightman A S J. Math. Phys., 1974, 15: 2198-22242. CHEN X S, WANG F. hep-ph/98023463. Jauch J M, Rohrlich F. The Theory of Photons andElectrons. Berlin: Springger, 1976. Berestetskii V B, Lif-shitz E M, Pitaevskii L P. Quantum Electrodynamics. Ox-ford: Pergamon, 1982. Cohen-Tannoudji C, Dupont-Roc J,Grynberg G. Photons and Atoms. New York: Wiley, 19874. Goldman T. Phys. Rev. D, 1977, 15: 1063-10675. CHEN X S, LU X F, SUN W M, WANG F, Goldman T.Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 232002-1-46. JI X D. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 78: 610-613; CHEN X S,WANG F. Commun. Theor. Phys., 1997, 27: 121-1247. JI X, TANG J, Hoodbhoy P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76:740-743

[1]	Huixiao Duan , Fan Zhang , Kailei Wang , Jun Su . Nuclear temperature of spectator source extracted by neutron spectra in ¹²⁴Sn,¹⁰⁷Sn + ¹²⁰Sn collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-10.
[2]	Abdel Magied DIAB . Charmed meson structure across crossover from SU(4) Polyakov quark meson model with isospin asymmetry. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(1): 013101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae042d
[3]	. Probing the cluster structure of ⁶Li with the ⁶Li + ¹²C nuclear reaction at 68 MeV. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(1): 014102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae072b
[4]	Wang-Fa Li , Junmou Chen , Qian-Jiu Wang , Zhao-Huan Yu . A Numerical Study on Gauge Symmetry of Electroweak Amplitudes. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-16.
[5]	Yu-Chen Wu , Man Bao . Low-lying states of odd-even N = 79 isotones within the nucleon-pair approximation. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 124109. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adf1f6
[6]	Ulaş Özdem . Unveiling the electromagnetic structure and intrinsic dynamics of spin-3/2 hidden-charm pentaquarks: A comprehensive QCD analysis. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 103106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade95a
[7]	Liuxin Zhao , Honglei Li , Zhi-Long Han , Fei Huang , Xinyi Yan . Extra charged gauge boson W′ in Alternative Left-Right Model at future muon collider. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 123102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adec51
[8]	Qu-Zhi Li , Zhiguang Xiao , Han-Qing Zheng . On the pole trajectory of the subthreshold negative parity nucleon with varying pion masses. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 123103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adfa02
[9]	Jian Liu , Qiang Su , Qinglin Niu , Lei Wang , Zhongzhou Ren . Charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering off nuclei with nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 104102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade126
[10]	Xiaobin Wang , Lei Chang . Unveiling the inner structure of the Pion’s first excited state. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 123107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adfc34
[11]	Yu Xi , Fu-Wen Shu . Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A using the DisCan method. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 125101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adfa01
[12]	BAO Ai-Dong , YAO Hai-Bo , WU Shi-Shu . Topological approach to examine the singularity of the axial-vector current in an Abelian gauge field theory (QED). Chinese Physics C, 2009, 33(3): 177-180. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/3/003
[13]	Medina Ablikim , HUANG Wei-Cheng , . New Realization of N=2 Supersymmetric QuantumMechanics and Shape Invariance. Chinese Physics C, 2002, 26(4): 338-345.
[14]	Yang Jianjun , Ma Boqiang , Li Guanglie . Non-perturbative Quark Propagator and the Study of the Non-trivial Q² Dependence in the Nucleon Structure Functions. Chinese Physics C, 1997, 21(2): 146-156.

Access

Get Citation

WANG Fan, CHEN Xiang-Song, LU Xiao-Fu and SUN Wei-Min. Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(9): 1312-1319. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/031

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2010-03-04
Revised: 1900-01-01

Article Metric

Article Views(3143)
PDF Downloads(402)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

Corresponding author: WANG Fan,

Received Date: 2010-03-04
Accepted Date: 1900-01-01
Available Online: 2010-09-05

Abstract:

The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation, but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin. The
conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics, and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.