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                                 Abstract:By utilizing higher harmonics of undulator radiation, harmonic lasing is helpful in the development of compact X-ray free electron lasers (FELs), i.e. reducing their cost and size. Harmonic lasing of FELs has been experimentally demonstrated in the low-gain FEL oscillators from terahertz, infrared to ultraviolet spectral range. Based on the current status and future directions of short-wavelength FELs worldwide, this paper reviews the progress on harmonic lasing of X-ray FELs, mainly concentrating on the recently proposed harmonic lasing of X-ray FEL oscillators and further ideas on harmonic lasing of single pass X-ray FEL amplifiers.
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