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1. Chen, H., Chen, Y., Fu, S. et al. Design and construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170431
2. Liu, S., Wang, Y., Wang, P. et al. Operational experiences and upgrade of China Spallation Neutron Source Linac vacuum system[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 2025, 43(3): 034201. doi: 10.1116/6.0004393
3. Kong, Q., Liu, H., Peng, J. et al. Design and beam dynamics study of a multifunctional MEBT for CSNS[J]. Journal of Instrumentation, 2025, 20(4): P04006. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/20/04/P04006
4. Chen, W., Li, H., Lü, Y.J. et al. Over 7200 hours commissioning of RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source developed at CSNS[J]. Journal of Instrumentation, 2023, 18(4): P04030. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/P04030
5. Stockli, M.P.. Radio Frequency-Driven, Pulsed High-Current H− Ion Sources on Advanced Accelerators[J]. Springer Series on Atomic Optical and Plasma Physics, 2023. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-21476-9_18
6. Dudnikov, V.. Surface Plasma Negative Ion Sources[J]. Springer Series on Atomic Optical and Plasma Physics, 2023. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28408-3_5
7. Wang, S., Fu, S., Qu, H. et al. Design, Development and Commissioning for High-intensity Proton Accelerator of China Spallation Neutron Source | [中国散裂中子源强流质子加速器设计、研制及调试运行][J]. Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2022, 56(9): 1747-1759. doi: 10.7538/yzk.2022.youxian.0591
8. Chen, Y., Zhao, L., Long, J. et al. Effect of cathode shape on the lifetime of arc discharge negative Penning ion source[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2022.166679
9. Liu, S., Lv, Y., Li, F. et al. Measurement of emittance at CSNS ion source without analyzing magnet[J]. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, 2022, 6(2): 209-213. doi: 10.1007/s41605-021-00307-z
10. Zhu, R., Chen, W., Li, H. et al. Optimization of transverse emittance for RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source developed at China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2022, 93(5): 053302. doi: 10.1063/5.0086220
11. Chen, W., Li, H., Zhu, R.L. et al. Operation of RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source in China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2019, 90(11): 113320. doi: 10.1063/1.5128553
12. Liu, S., Ouyang, H., Huang, T. et al. CSNS High Current H- Ion Source and Its Improvement | [CSNS强流负氢离子源及其改进][J]. Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2019, 53(9): 1719-1723. doi: 10.7538/yzk.2019.53.09.1719
13. Dudnikov, V.G.. Surface-plasma method for the production of negative ion beams[J]. Physics Uspekhi, 2019, 62(12): 1233-1267. doi: 10.3367/UFNe.2019.04.038558
14. Liu, S., Ouyang, H., Huang, T. et al. The improvements at CSNS ion source[J]. Aip Conference Proceedings, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5053320
15. Chen, W., Ouyang, H., Xiao, Y. et al. Construction of external antenna RF H-minus source in CSNS[J]. Aip Conference Proceedings, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5053323
16. Liu, S., Ouyang, H., Huang, T. et al. The modification at CSNS ion source[J]. Aip Conference Proceedings, 2017. doi: 10.1063/1.4995776
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LIU Sheng-Jin, HUANG Tao, OUYANG Hua-Fu, ZHAO Fu-Xiang, XIAO Yong-Chuan, CAO Xiu-Xia, XUE Kang-Jia, ZHANG Jun-Song, XU Tao-Guang, LI Fang, LU Yan-Hua, LI Gang, YANG Lei, LI Yi and Status of CSNS H- ion source[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(5): 057008. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/5/057008
LIU Sheng-Jin, HUANG Tao, OUYANG Hua-Fu, ZHAO Fu-Xiang, XIAO Yong-Chuan, CAO Xiu-Xia, XUE Kang-Jia, ZHANG Jun-Song, XU Tao-Guang, LI Fang, LU Yan-Hua, LI Gang, YANG Lei, LI Yi and Status of CSNS H- ion source[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(5): 057008.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/5/057008 shu
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Received: 2014-08-06
Revised: 2014-11-14
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Status of CSNS H- ion source

    Corresponding author: LIU Sheng-Jin,

Abstract: A new H- ion source has been installed successfully and will be used to serve the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). In this paper, we report various components of the ion source, including the discharge chamber, temperature, cooling system, extraction electrodes, analyzing magnet, remote control system and so on. Compared to the previous experimental ion source, some improvements have been made to make the ion source more compact and convenient. In the present arrangement, the Penning field is generated by a pair of pole tip extensions on the 90° analyzing magnet instead of by a separate circuit. For the remote control system, F3RP61-2L is applied to the accelerator online control system for the first time. In the running of the ion source, a stable pulse H- beam with a current of 50 mA at an energy of 50 keV is produced. The extraction frequency and pulse width is 25 Hz and 500 μs, respectively. Furthermore, an emittance scanner has been installed and measurements are in progress.

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